[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":184},["ShallowReactive",2],{"article:courtyard-layout-feng-shui:zh":3,"article-topic:garden-feng-shui:zh":108,"related-articles:zh:garden-feng-shui:courtyard-layout-feng-shui:":173},{"slug":4,"title":5,"description":6,"category":7,"topicSlug":8,"legacyPath":9,"authorId":10,"publishedAt":11,"updatedAt":11,"noindex":12,"summary":13,"sections":14,"references":75,"relatedTools":90,"seo":91,"contentImage":94},"courtyard-layout-feng-shui","庭院布局：围合、园径与可用面积","决定庭院感受的是墙高与空地宽度之比，而不是轮廓好不好看。先量这个比例，再决定园径能占多少地，以及让哪一个低点来接水。","风水","garden-feng-shui","","chen-jun","2026-10-27",false,"高宽比决定院子读起来是采光井还是有遮蔽的房间。之后园径要挣得它占的地，雨天真实路线决定铺装落在哪，最低点要主动挑而不是被动形成。",[15,20,25,50,55,60,65],{"heading":16,"body":17},"庭院先是比例，其次才是形状",[18,19],"问庭院该是什么形状，得到的是一张吉凶轮廓的清单。问庭院待着舒服不舒服，答案几乎总是比例：围墙的高度和围出来的空地宽度之比。三米高的墙围四米宽的院子，是一个采光井；同样的墙围十二米宽，是一间有遮蔽的房间。这不是形状好坏的问题，是两个不同的房间，而决定它是哪一个的，正是这个比例。","这也是照照片抄布局总失败的原因。照片给的是比例，不是尺寸，而比例才是能搬走的那部分。所以先量自己的院子：两墙之间最窄的宽度，和最高的那道边界的高度。这两个数的比值，比任何按比例画的平面图都更能预测这个空间会怎么表现。",{"heading":21,"body":22},"围合的两种失败",[23,24],"庭院会因为围得太紧而失败，也会因为围得太松而失败，两种表现相反，成因却是同一个。围得太紧——墙相对宽度太高——地面长期不干，植物徒长，空间读起来像走廊。围得太松——大院子配一道矮边界——风把植物抽干，没有私密感，最后干脆没人用。","实际的修正很少是重砌一道墙，而是改一个变量：在迎风侧用植物或廊架把有效高度抬起来，或者去掉一块深色铺装和厚重的边界，把视觉上的地面扩出去。两种做法都不动边界，只动比例。",{"heading":26,"body":27,"table":28},"对称的代价","园径走在正中间，是最容易读出「正式」的做法，也是最费地的做法。下表拿同一个十二米宽的院子比三种常见排法。",{"headers":29,"rows":34},[30,31,32,33],"排法","交通占掉的面积","换到什么","代价",[35,40,45],[36,37,38,39],"居中园径，宽 1.2 米","12×12 米院子里约 14 平方米","一条明确的轴线和正式感","两边只剩窄花池，摆不下一张桌子",[41,42,43,44],"偏置园径，宽 1.2 米","同样约 14 平方米，但推到一侧","一整块能用的花池加一个坐角","轴线消失，门口看进来要另做处理",[46,47,48,49],"沿边一圈园径","约 20 平方米","可以绕行一圈，中心被保护起来","中心变成没人会穿过的岛",{"heading":51,"body":52},"家里人真实走的路线",[53,54],"正式的布局是从院门开始画的。真实的布局是从垃圾桶、晾衣绳、自行车和后门开始画的，而这两条线很少重合。定铺装之前，先花一个星期记：下雨天、手里拿着东西的时候，人走的是哪条线。那些线最后一定会以踩秃的痕迹出现在草里，不管你铺不铺。","然后按「下雨天 + 手上有东西」这个版本来设计。一条空手、好天气下才成立的园径，最后一定会被抄近路穿过花池的那条取代。如果近路确实更短，就把近路铺掉，把花池挪走。",{"heading":56,"body":57},"主动挑一个最低点",[58,59],"每个院子都有一个最低点，问题只是你有没有挑过它。水会积在地面最低的地方，如果那个地方贴着房子、在院门下面，或者落在土最重的那一角，结果就是一块永远不干的湿地，和一次看起来像运气不好的种植失败。","所以要主动指定那个低点——种植渗水区、碎石渗坑、雨水口都行——再按百分之一到二的坡度把铺装朝它倾斜。然后用水管验，不要只用水准尺：浇十分钟之后哪里积水，比算一遍坡度有用，因为它把施工时没做平的沉降也算进去了。",{"heading":61,"body":62},"方形、长条形、L 形",[63,64],"每种轮廓都会带来一个主导问题，提前知道这个问题，设计就做完了一半。方形庭院稳定、好摆家具，但没有天然的焦点位置；解法是放一个偏心的小物件——一棵树、一口缸、一条长凳——而不是摆一组对称的东西。","长条形读起来像一条通道，尽头必须有去处，否则走一趟会觉得没有意义。L 形把自己的纵深藏起来，这对私密是优点，对采光是问题：内角通常是整块地上最暗最潮的地方，那里应该按耐阴来种，而不是硬去改它。",{"heading":66,"body":67,"bullets":68},"用绳子和粉笔画一遍","检验庭院平面图最便宜的办法，是按实际尺寸画在地上，先住一个星期，再动工。",[69,70,71,72,73,74],"用绳子拉出墙线和真实宽度，算一遍高宽比。","按实际宽度用粉笔画出园径，包括门的开启范围。","把椅子摆到你打算坐的位置，看看自己面对的是什么。","提着满满一桶水走一遍雨天路线，看粉笔那条路是不是你会走的那条。","用水管浇十分钟，看水最后停在哪里。","从院门、后门和最远的角各拍一张带标记的照片。",[76,84],{"id":77,"kind":78,"title":79,"detail":80,"publisher":81,"url":82,"accessedAt":83},"huangdiZhaijing","traditional","《黄帝宅经》","用于说明传统住宅方位与空间术语的历史背景；现代建议按现实条件另行判断。","维基文库数字文本","https:\u002F\u002Fzh.wikisource.org\u002Fwiki\u002F%E9%BB%83%E5%B8%9D%E5%AE%85%E7%B6%93","2026-07-14",{"id":85,"kind":78,"title":86,"detail":87,"publisher":81,"url":88,"accessedAt":89},"zhouliKaogongji","《周禮·考工記》","把五色分配给方位的一段，语境是制作礼器与车旗。它是礼仪与管理的编码，没有一句讲治疗、情绪或房间。","https:\u002F\u002Fzh.wikisource.org\u002Fwiki\u002F%E5%91%A8%E7%A6%AE\u002F%E5%86%AC%E5%AE%98%E8%80%83%E5%B7%A5%E8%A8%98","2026-10-25",[],{"title":5,"description":6,"path":92,"type":93},"\u002Farticles\u002Fcourtyard-layout-feng-shui","article",{"src":95,"srcByLocale":96,"alt":98,"width":99,"height":100,"altByLocale":101,"captionByLocale":104},"\u002Fimg\u002Farticles\u002Fcourtyard-layout-feng-shui.svg",{"tw":97},"\u002Fimg\u002Farticles\u002Fcourtyard-layout-feng-shui-tw.svg","Three courtyard path layouts compared on the same twelve-metre yard: floor given to circulation, what each buys, and what it costs.",1280,960,{"zh":102,"tw":103},"同一个十二米院子里三种园径排法的对比：交通占掉的面积、换到什么、代价是什么。","同一個十二米院子裡三種園徑排法的對比：交通佔掉的面積、換到什麼、代價是什麼。",{"en":105,"zh":106,"tw":107},"The height-to-width ratio decides whether the space reads as a light well or a room; the path then has to earn the floor it takes.","高宽比决定这个空间读起来是采光井还是房间；之后园径要挣得它占的那块地。","高寬比決定這個空間讀起來是採光井還是房間；之後園徑要掙得它佔的那塊地。",{"topic":109,"articles":146,"tools":172},{"slug":8,"title":110,"eyebrow":111,"description":112,"relatedTools":113,"articleIdeas":114,"seo":118,"sections":121},"花园风水","户外与景观","把花园风水当成场地问题来处理：贴墙那一条带子、树木的距离与遮阴、水景的维护负担、庭院围合，以及从院门望出去的视线。",[],[115,116,5,117],"庭院树木的位置：距离、根系与遮阴","水景：循环、噪音与溢流路径","院门与园径：先量四个数，再挑款式",{"title":119,"description":112,"path":120},"花园风水指南","\u002Ftopics\u002Fgarden-feng-shui",[122,125,128,131,134,137],{"heading":123,"body":124},"户外能定什么，不能定什么","花园的约束顺序和室内不一样。室内多半是在固定的壳子里挪家具；室外要面对会长大的东西、会走的水和会沉的土。根系会顶起铺装，今年合适的树冠十年后就不合适，雨后积水的那一角以后每个雨季都会积水。传统能告诉你遮挡、水体和围合通常放在哪里、为什么那个位置让人觉得安稳；它不能告诉你这棵树能不能过你的冬天、这块土排不排水。所以正确的用法是让传统指位置、让现场勘测给答案：读法先指出一处地方，再用测量决定那里到底放什么，或者什么都不放。",{"heading":126,"body":127},"先看贴着墙的那一条","从外墙往里一米五这一条开始，因为它比其余地块更能决定后面所有事。铺装要向外倾斜，不能朝墙倒；在这条宽度上做百分之一到二的坡度，就够把地表水带走，又看不出明显斜度。查落水管出口在哪、防潮层是不是高于土面、这一条里种东西会不会把根送进基础或排水管。古典讲的「后背有靠、前方开阔」，说的其实是同一条带子的另一面：迎风侧有一道植物屏障，冬天的热损失会小；正面不堆东西，采光和进出才保得住。把老规矩当成挡风与排水的说明来读，它就不再只是装饰。",{"heading":129,"body":130},"树先是距离问题，其次才是寓意问题","每个关于树的问题，最后都落到三个测量上：成年冠幅、成年根幅，以及它在你在意的那个季节正午会投下多长的影子。一棵树冠终将碰到墙的树，种下去那一刻就已经太近——错误的账单会在十年后以采光被挡、铺装被顶起、檐沟塞满落叶的形式寄到。可用的做法是：树干到墙的距离不小于成年冠幅的一半，高度会超过八米的大乔木不少于三米，浅根而根势猛的树种、压在排水管上的位置还要再远。然后才决定方向：落叶树放在向阳侧，夏天给阴、冬天透光；常绿树放在同一侧，就是全年遮阴。传统常给某个树种一个吉凶；现场给它的是一份工作。两者冲突时，能核对的那一半是工作。",{"heading":132,"body":133},"水先是维护问题，其次才是方位问题","一处水景等于一台泵、一个水池、一路电和一项每周的活。谈方位之前先把四个数字定下来：池子装多少升、泵多久循环一遍、一米外测到的噪音是多少分贝、过滤和水面每周要花多少分钟。水温超过二十度左右，静水七到十天就能养出蚊虫，所以夏天停泵两周的池子等于一个育苗场。溢流路径比形状重要：如果溢流朝房子那边走，水最后会回到你刚花力气排干的那一条。传统对「水朝门口流」的告诫常被读成财气话；从物理上看，它是溅水、冲刷和滑倒的提醒，而按这三条来读，它是站得住的。",{"heading":135,"body":136},"园径和院门决定视线","院门干两件事：让有史以来最宽的那件东西通过，以及框住访客第一眼看到什么。先量最宽的东西——手推车、婴儿车、垃圾桶、自行车——净宽要比它宽，而且要按门开着的时候算。再查开向：向内开、横在路上的门，会把进门第一米变成陷阱。然后站在门口往外看：第一眼看到什么，花园就是关于什么的；如果第一眼是垃圾桶棚或一堵白墙，这条园径就没在干活。从院门直冲到入户门，是传统最常点评的一种布局，而这句话的物理版本是：一条直线会把风、水、视线一起送进来。稍微错开一点，或者用一段种植打断它，代价是一米，三件事一起解决。",{"heading":138,"body":139,"bullets":140},"留一份能跨季节比较的记录","花园的变化很慢，所以特别容易被误判。固定四个机位——院门、后门、向阳角、积水角——每个季节在同一时刻各拍一张。第一场大雨之后补一条排水记录：哪里积了水、积了多久。然后每个季节只改一处，再比对同样四张照片。如果实在懒得记，就只记两件事：积水的位置，和每年第一个抱怨光照不够的房间。这两条能覆盖大部分判断，也比凭记忆争论可靠得多。",[141,142,143,144,145],"四个机位用木桩或一块铺装石标出来，保证取景一致。","每张照片记下日期和钟点，光线是最会骗人的变量。","大雨后走一圈，趁水还在，用树枝把积水位置标出来。","每季只改一处——一棵树、一条路、一个排水口，不要三件一起动。","留下收据和植物标签，这份记录会让下一次决定变便宜。",[147,154,161,164],{"slug":148,"title":115,"description":149,"category":7,"topicSlug":8,"legacyPath":9,"authorId":10,"publishedAt":11,"updatedAt":11,"summary":150,"relatedTools":151,"seo":152},"garden-tree-placement-feng-shui","树是种下去之后还在长的东西，所以位置要按成年尺寸定：冠幅、根幅，以及树干到墙要留多远。传统说法在这里当一张待查位置的清单用，不当品种判决。","三个数定下树的位置：成年冠幅、成年根幅、树干到墙的距离。动土之前按实际尺寸把树冠画在地上，再核排水管走向和冬天墙面拿到的光。",[],{"title":115,"description":149,"path":153,"type":93},"\u002Farticles\u002Fgarden-tree-placement-feng-shui",{"slug":155,"title":116,"description":156,"category":7,"topicSlug":8,"legacyPath":9,"authorId":10,"publishedAt":11,"updatedAt":11,"summary":157,"relatedTools":158,"seo":159},"garden-water-feature-feng-shui","水景在谈方位之前，先是一台泵、一个池子和一项每周的活。容积、循环倍率、一米噪音、每周分钟数这四个数，决定它第三年还讨不讨人喜欢。","先定容积、循环倍率、一米外的噪音和每周维护时间，再定水景位置。溢流要引到远离房子的地方，溅水区离门槛至少一米。",[],{"title":116,"description":156,"path":160,"type":93},"\u002Farticles\u002Fgarden-water-feature-feng-shui",{"slug":4,"title":5,"description":6,"category":7,"topicSlug":8,"legacyPath":9,"authorId":10,"publishedAt":11,"updatedAt":11,"summary":13,"relatedTools":162,"seo":163},[],{"title":5,"description":6,"path":92,"type":93},{"slug":165,"title":117,"description":166,"category":7,"topicSlug":8,"legacyPath":9,"authorId":10,"publishedAt":11,"updatedAt":167,"summary":168,"relatedTools":169,"seo":170},"garden-gate-and-path-feng-shui","院门是四个尺寸：最宽载重需要的净宽、门扇扫过的四分之一圆、一百八十毫米的踢面上限，以及门洞张开的那个角度。四个里只有最后一个是设计。","2026-11-02","门扇扫过的圆半径就是门扇宽，所以一米宽的门要留一米净深。规范下限八百一十五毫米，踢面上限一百八十毫米，一米宽的门在五米处只张开十一点四度。",[],{"title":117,"description":166,"path":171,"type":93},"\u002Farticles\u002Fgarden-gate-and-path-feng-shui",[],{"articles":174},[175,178,181],{"slug":148,"title":115,"description":149,"category":7,"topicSlug":8,"legacyPath":9,"authorId":10,"publishedAt":11,"updatedAt":11,"summary":150,"relatedTools":176,"seo":177},[],{"title":115,"description":149,"path":153,"type":93},{"slug":155,"title":116,"description":156,"category":7,"topicSlug":8,"legacyPath":9,"authorId":10,"publishedAt":11,"updatedAt":11,"summary":157,"relatedTools":179,"seo":180},[],{"title":116,"description":156,"path":160,"type":93},{"slug":165,"title":117,"description":166,"category":7,"topicSlug":8,"legacyPath":9,"authorId":10,"publishedAt":11,"updatedAt":167,"summary":168,"relatedTools":182,"seo":183},[],{"title":117,"description":166,"path":171,"type":93},1793614153698]